See ocus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "agus"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "as"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "agus"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "ocus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "agus"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "as"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "agus"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "acus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "⁊",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ocus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-ocus-sga-conj-sga:and",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:and"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "fogas"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fagas"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "faisg"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "faggys"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "focus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nessa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nessam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "nessa",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "nessam",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "nessa",
"sup": "nessam"
},
"expansion": "ocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam)",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ocuis",
"2": "oics"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "ocuis",
"acc_m_pl": "oicsi",
"acc_m_sg": "ocus",
"dat_f_sg": "ocuis",
"dat_m_sg": "ocus",
"dat_n_sg": "ocus",
"dat_pl": "oicsib",
"gen_f_sg": "oicse",
"gen_m_sg": "ocuis",
"gen_n_sg": "ocuis",
"gen_pl": "*",
"info": "u-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "ocus",
"nom_fn_pl": "oicsi",
"nom_m_pl": "oicsi",
"nom_m_sg": "ocus",
"nom_n_sg": "ocus",
"notes": "*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish",
"voc_m_pl": "oicsi",
"voc_m_sg": "ocus"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)",
"text": "écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus",
"translation": "(glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
76,
80
]
],
"english": "\"I will leave you, then,\" said Patrick, \"in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.",
"ref": "c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, line 2047; published in Kathleen Mulchrone, transl., Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick, Hodges, Figgis, 1939:",
"text": "\"Fot·uigeb-sa dano,\" ol Pátraic, \"hi cill napa ro-ocus arnapa dimicnithi: nípa ró-chian dano co róastar immathigid etronn.\"",
"translation": "\"I will leave you, then,\" said Patrick, \"in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"id": "en-ocus-sga-adj-sga:near",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:near"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 52 24 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 30 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 30 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "near is their kinship",
"text": "is acus a coibdelag",
"translation": "near is their kinship",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.",
"ref": "c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue, line 229; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:",
"text": "Ind rígrad do·ruirmius, is ocus ar cundu, iar tuirim a féle do·rimiub a ndrungu.",
"translation": "The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close (of a relationship)"
],
"id": "en-ocus-sga-adj-oFBMUSEd",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ocus",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "?",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ocus ?",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ocus ?",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 30 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 30 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "whether I be far or near",
"text": "imb i céin fa i n-accus beo-sa",
"translation": "whether I be far or near",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nearness, proximity"
],
"id": "en-ocus-sga-noun-sga:nearness",
"links": [
[
"nearness",
"nearness"
],
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:nearness"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish u-stem adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Old Irish entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "agus"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "as"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "agus"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "ocus"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "agus"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "as"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "agus"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "acus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "⁊",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ocus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:and"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish u-stem adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Old Irish entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "fogas"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fagas"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "faisg"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "faggys"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "focus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nessa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "nessam",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-adj-u",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocuis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "oicsib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "nessa",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "nessam",
"altform": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "nessa",
"sup": "nessam"
},
"expansion": "ocus (comparative nessa, superlative nessam)",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ocuis",
"2": "oics"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_f_sg": "ocuis",
"acc_m_pl": "oicsi",
"acc_m_sg": "ocus",
"dat_f_sg": "ocuis",
"dat_m_sg": "ocus",
"dat_n_sg": "ocus",
"dat_pl": "oicsib",
"gen_f_sg": "oicse",
"gen_m_sg": "ocuis",
"gen_n_sg": "ocuis",
"gen_pl": "*",
"info": "u-stem",
"nom_f_sg": "ocus",
"nom_fn_pl": "oicsi",
"nom_m_pl": "oicsi",
"nom_m_sg": "ocus",
"nom_n_sg": "ocus",
"notes": "*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish",
"voc_m_pl": "oicsi",
"voc_m_sg": "ocus"
},
"name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)",
"text": "écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus",
"translation": "(glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
54
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
76,
80
]
],
"english": "\"I will leave you, then,\" said Patrick, \"in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.",
"ref": "c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, line 2047; published in Kathleen Mulchrone, transl., Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick, Hodges, Figgis, 1939:",
"text": "\"Fot·uigeb-sa dano,\" ol Pátraic, \"hi cill napa ro-ocus arnapa dimicnithi: nípa ró-chian dano co róastar immathigid etronn.\"",
"translation": "\"I will leave you, then,\" said Patrick, \"in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:near"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "near is their kinship",
"text": "is acus a coibdelag",
"translation": "near is their kinship",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
32,
37
]
],
"english": "The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.",
"ref": "c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue, line 229; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:",
"text": "Ind rígrad do·ruirmius, is ocus ar cundu, iar tuirim a féle do·rimiub a ndrungu.",
"translation": "The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close (of a relationship)"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish u-stem adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Old Irish entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*adgostus",
"t": "near"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "agos"
},
"expansion": "Welsh agos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰes-",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”)",
"name": "derived"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χείρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆠𒌍𒊬",
"4": "ke-eš-šar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”)",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tsar"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A tsar",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dorë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dorë",
"name": "cognate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձեռն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)",
"name": "cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective, at least, is from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”), with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos. The second component is *gostus, derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰes- (“hand”) (cognate with Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬 (“ke-eš-šar”), Tocharian A tsar, Albanian dorë and Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn)).\nGriffith separates the origins of the adjective and the conjunction, proposing that the conjunction is instead indeed a derivative of oc (“at”), more specifically as a contraction of occa as (literally “at it which is”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ocus",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "n-ocus",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "?",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ocus ?",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ocus ?",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"english": "whether I be far or near",
"text": "imb i céin fa i n-accus beo-sa",
"translation": "whether I be far or near",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nearness, proximity"
],
"links": [
[
"nearness",
"nearness"
],
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sga:nearness"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.ɡus/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡus]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈo.ɡøs]"
}
],
"word": "ocus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ocus meaning in Old Irish (14.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'feminine/neuter'",
"path": [
"ocus"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ocus",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ocus/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ocus"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ocus",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ocus"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ocus",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ocus"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ocus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.